Submergence of Poompuhar - Study based on underwater explorations and coastal processes

Abstract

Poompuhar, a flourishing port in the beginning of Christian era played a major role in maritime activities and cultural expansion in the history of India. Sangam literature vividly describe about its location, habitation and the town planning of Poompuhar. The marine archaeological explorations around Poompuhar brought to light the remains of terracotta ring wells, brick structures, storage jars in the inter tidal zone and brick structures, stone structures, pottery from offshore explorations strongly supports thehabitation sites. There are several references suggesting the shift of shoreline at Poompuhar, which may be one of the reasons of its submergence. The studies on waves were conducted in the region for a period of one year to understand the local phenomena responsible for the coastline changes. The paper deals with the archaeological findings around Poompuhar and the impact coastal process in the shifting of shoreline in the area, which was responsible for the submergence ancient port town and other monuments in the region. The data collected during underwater investigations at Poompuhar and the study of coastal processes are discussed to prove the causes of its submergence.