Archaeological remains of the ancient harbours along the west coast of India: A legacy of our maritime heritage

Abstract

The maritime activity has played a vital role in the emergence of well-developed civilizations around the world during mid-Holocene period. Cultural interaction, exchanges of technology, trade and commerce led the human society to reach at present day height. However, this development is the result of a well-organized town planning, construction of jetties and harbours in the past. The archaeological explorations during last one century brought to light a large number antiquity related to ancient Indian harbours and maritime activities. Archaeological excavations brought to light a jetty at Kuntasi in Rajkot district of Gujarat, India, dating back to Harappan period. The site is located on the river-bank and it is believed that during high tide boats were reaching the site. It is generally believed that Lothal on the head of Gulf of Khambhat, was an international trade centre during Harappan period. Marine archaeological explorations by the Marine Archaeology Centre of NIO brought to light the existence of harbours at Dwarka, Bet Dwarka, Somnath, Vijaydurg, Sindhudurg, Gopakapattana and Poompuhar. Identification of ancient harbour is based on the discovery of archeological evidences like stone anchors, stone structures etc.