Factors controlling vertical fluxes of prrticles in the Arabian Sea

Abstract

Particle fluxes were measured using six time-series sediment traps at three sites in the western (16 degrees 20'N; 60 degrees 30'E), central (14 degrees 31'N; 64 degrees 46'E) and eastern (15 degrees 31'N; 68 degrees 43'E) Arabian Sea. Trap deployment depths were between 900 and 3000 m and collection period was from December 1992 to February 1994. Annual particle fluxes showed an east-west trend with minimum fluxes (22.25g m sup(-2) in the eastern Arabian Sea and maximum fluxes (69.81 g m sup(-2)) in the western Arabian Sea. Carbonate contributed mainly by foraminifers and coccolithophorids, are the dominant component in all the traps. Opal fluxes were maximum in the western Arabian Sea. At all the locations, lithogenic percentages increased with depth whereas organic carbon percentages decreased. Particle flux patterns show a strong seasonality with peak fluxes during the southwest (SW) monsoon (June to September). Relatively high fluxes were also observed during the northeast (NE) monsoon (December to February). In the western Arabian Sea, particle fluxes are dominated mainly by carbonates during the early SW monsoon but by biogenic silica during the late SW monsoon. The increase in particle fluxes during the early SW monsoon is related to variations in the mixed layer depth which, in turn, is controlled by the strength of the Findlater Jet and the curl of the wind stress. The increase in biogenic silica fluxes during the late SW monsoon is related to the advection of nutrient-rich water from the Oman and Somali upwelling areas. In the eastern Arabian Sea, particle fluxes are high during the NE monsoon due to the effects of winter cooling.