Terrestrial plants: a potent source for isolation of eco-friendly antifouling compounds
Abstract
All over the world efforts are oriented towardes isolation of eco-friently antifouling toxins from marine plants and organisms. Consequently number of compounds having antifouling properties have been identified from marine plants and organisms by number of workers in the past. However, little attention is paid towards terrestrial plants. In light of this some selected plants have been screened for antifouling activity. These plants are Acacia pennata and Barringtonia acutangula. These plants are being used by fishermen for narcotising and thus catching fish for their consumption purpose. With the extract of these plants, antifouling assays were conducted in the laboratory against four fouling diatoms, barnacle larvae and adult mussels. The estimated Ec sub(50) values for diatoms ranged between 8.9-125 mu g/ml, whereas, for barnacles larvae and musssels the Ec sub(50) values ranged between 78.8-35.8 mu g/ml and 5.9-27.3 mu g/ml respectively. Attempts were also made to assess the Ec sub(100) of the crude extracts on the nutrient uptake by the diatoms. It has been observed that the diatom cells in the growth medium containing Ec sub(100) were unable to utilise the nutrients such as silicate and nitrate from the surrounding medium which resulted in the inhibition of growth. One compound each of A. pennata and B. acutangula was isolated by following Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography technique. Partial characterization of these active principals indicated the presence of various functional groups. These groups include alphatic, amide, vinyl, methyl, hydroxyl, ketone, aromatic, ether etc. The isolated compounds were bioassayed usin N. subinflata and barnacle larvae. The Ec sub(50) values of the compound from A. pennata for the diatoms and barnacle larvae were 16.5 and 10.2 mu g/ml respectively. The Ec sub(50) values of the isolated compounds from B. acutangula for the diatom and barnacle larvae were 9.8 and 7.8 mu g/ml respectively
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