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    Hydrography and biogeochemistry of the coastal ocean

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    Geophys_Res_Ser_187_233.pdf (620.3Kb)
    Date
    2009
    Author
    Naqvi, S.W.A.
    Unnikrishnan, A.S.
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    Abstract
    The coastal ocean accounts for only 7% of the total oceanic area, but it plays a very important role in biogeochemical cycles. It not only exchanges energy and matter with the open ocean, but terrestrial inputs of materials such as freshwater, sediments, dissolved/particulate nutrients and organic matter by surface runoff and groundwater flow have to pass through it. The processing of these materials in shallow waters is markedly different from that in the open ocean, and the contribution of the former to biogeochemical fluxes is disproportionately large (15% of oceanic primary production, 80% of organic burial, 50% of calcium carbonate deposition, 90% of sedimentary mineralization, and 75-90% of oceanic sink of suspended material carried by rivers). About 90% of the marine fish catch comes from the shallow seas whose overall economic value is estimated to be >40% of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Finally, as much as 40% of the world’s population lives within 100 km of the coastlines, making the coastal ocean extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic impingement. This chapter first provides an overview of physical processes that differentiate coastal and openocean regions. It then focuses on selected biogeochemical processes that are of relevance to Surface Ocean–Lower Atmosphere Study, and how they are being affected by human activities
    URI
    http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/3539
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