Correlation of the oldest Toba Tuff to sediments in the central Indian Ocean Basin
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Date
2010Author
Pattan, J.N.
ShyamPrasad, M.
Babu, E.V.S.S.K.
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We have identified an ash layer in association with Australasian microtektites of approx. 0.77Ma old in two sediment cores which are approx. 450 km apart in the central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB). Morphology and chemical composition of glass shards and associated microtektites have been used to trace their provenance. In ODP site 758 from Ninetyeast Ridge, ash layer-D (13 cm thick, 0.73-0.75 Ma) and layer-E (5 cm thick, 0.77-0.78 Ma) were previously correlated to the oldest Toba Tuff (OTT) eruptions of the Toba caldera, Sumatra. In this investigation, we found tephra approx. 3100 km to the southwest of Toba caldera that is chemically identical to layer D of ODP site 758 and ash in the South China Sea correlated to the OTT. Layer E is not present in the CIOB or other ocean basins. The occurrence of tephra correlating to layer D suggests a widespread distribution of OTT tephra (approx. 3.6 × 10 sup(7) km sup(3)), an ash volume of at least approx. 1800 km3, a total OTT volume of 2300 km sup(3), and classification of the OTT eruption as a super-eruption
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