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dc.contributor.authorPrabhaDevi
dc.contributor.authorWahidullah, S.
dc.contributor.authorSheikh, F.
dc.contributor.authorPereira, R.
dc.contributor.authorNarkhede, N.
dc.contributor.authorAmonkar, D.
dc.contributor.authorTilvi, S.
dc.contributor.authorMeena, R.M.
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-01T11:12:11Z
dc.date.available2017-03-01T11:12:11Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.citationMarine Drugs, vol.15(2); 2017; Article No: 30
dc.identifier.otherhttps://doi.org/10.3390/md15020030
dc.identifier.urihttp://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5100
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/15/2/30
dc.description.abstractLysinibacillus sphaericus D3 cell-immobilized beads in natural gel sodium alginate decolorized the xylidine orange dye 1-(dimethylphenylazo)-2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid sodium salt in the laboratory. Optimal conditions were selected for decolorization and the products formed were evaluated for toxicity by disc diffusion assay against common marine bacteria which revealed the non-toxic nature of the dye-degraded products. Decolorization of the brightly colored dye to colorless products was measured on an Ultra Violet-Vis spectrophotometer and its biodegradation products monitored on Thin Layer Chromatographic plate and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Finally, the metabolites formed in the decolorized medium were characterized by mass spectrometry. This analysis confirms the conversion of the parent molecule into lower molecular weight aromatic phenols and sulfonic acids as the final products of biotransformation. Based on the results, the probable degradation products of xylidine orange were naphthol, naphthylamine-6-sulfonic acid, 2-6-dihydroxynaphthalene, and bis-dinaphthylether. Thus, it may be concluded that the degradation pathway of the dye involved (a) reduction of its azo group by azoreductase enzyme (b) dimerization of the hydrazo compound followed by (c) degradation of monohydrazo as well as dimeric metabolites into low molecular weight aromatics. Finally, it may be worth exploring the possibility of commercially utilizing L. sphaericus D3 for industrial applications for treating large-scale dye waste water
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMPDI
dc.rightsCopyright [2017]. All efforts have been made to respect the copyright to the best of our knowledge. Inadvertent omissions, if brought to our notice, stand for correction and withdrawal of document from this repository.
dc.subjectMicrobiology
dc.subjectAquatic resources
dc.subjectMarine technology
dc.titleBiotransformation and detoxification of xylidine orange dye using immobilized cells of marine-derived Lysinibacillus sphaericus D3
dc.typeJournal Article


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