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    Implications of Microbial Thiosulfate Utilization in Red Clay Sediments of the Central Indian Basin: The Martian Analogy

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    Date
    2019
    Author
    Singh, Tanya
    Kshirsagar, P.R.
    Das, A.
    Yadav, K.
    Mallik, S.
    Mascarenhas-Pereira, M.B.L.
    Thomas, T.R.A.
    Mamatha, S.S.
    LokaBharathi, P.A.
    Khadge, N.H.
    Nath, B.N.
    Dhakephalkar, P.K.
    Iyer, S.D.
    Ray, D.
    Valsangkar, A.B.
    Garg, A.
    PrakashBabu, C.
    Waghole, R.J.
    Waghmare, S.S.
    Rajwade, J.M.
    Paknikar, K.M.
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    Abstract
    Microbial thiosulfate utilization and S-disproportionation could be important mechanisms of sulfate-formations on Earth and Mars. Sulfates on Mars date back to late-Noachian to Hesperian period. In contrast, the large sulfur/sulfate formations on Earth evolved under different chronological sequences. The S-cycle was provoked intermittently, permitting multiple appearances of the S-oxidizers on an evolutionary timescale. Hydrothermally altered deep-oceanic red clay sediments of the Central Indian Basin were examined as potential analogue for sulfur (S) oxidation on Mars. The basin sediments supported an active microbial S-metabolism that exhibited S-disproportionation coupled to microbial carbon-fixation through intermediate processes like thiosulfate utilization. Sulfur-oxidizers/thiotrophic denitrifiers were isolated in large numbers at circum-neutral pH, from these cold and dark abyssal Fe-oxide dominated organic-C starved clay. Experimental simulations under psychrophilic and thermo-tolerant conditions revealed the coexistence of an anaerobic, thermal component under the predominantly oxic, circum-neutral seafloor conditions. Multiple causative factors like hydrothermal seafloor circulation, in situ volcanism, and fracture zone reactivation could drive the widespread S-cycle activity in the Central Indian Basin, albeit at a low scale. It is postulated that these conditions are analogous to Great Oxidation Event situations on Earth, when S-oxidizers evolved and flourished. Experimental studies on microbial thiosulfate flux are few in spite of intense scientific interest in microbial S-disproportionation. To the best of our knowledge, this is a new report on regression model development for microbial thiosulfate flux. These clay-systems and their component microbes could serve as analogue to the ancient well-hydrated Noachian Mars and throw light on planetary hydration and desiccation mechanisms
    URI
    https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007640
    http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/8153
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