Interactions of sulfur and methane-oxidizing bacteria in tropical estuarine sediments

Abstract

The bacterial oxidation of sulfur and methane is central to the biogeochemical processes in sediments such as the tropical mangrove sediments. However, there is a lacuna of information on the seasonal interactions including the influence of monsoons which is a major driver of seasonal change, on sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB), their activity and the environmental variables. To understand these interactions, the analysis was carried out on sediment samples that were sampled monthly for a year from Chorao mangrove, Goa, southwest coast of India. SOB (3.8�105CFU g?1) and MOB (0.90�105CFU g?1) had maximum average abundance in the surface sediments in the post-monsoon and monsoon season, respectively. The mean sulfur-oxidation activity (SOA) of 2.63�mM�day?1 and methane-oxidation activity (MOA) of 110.94�mM�day?1 were highest in surface sediments during the post-monsoon season. Generally, the activity of SOB and MOB in surface sediments of post-monsoon was 2.2 times(�) and 2.8� respectively higher than that in the monsoon season. Among the environmental parameters analyzed, protein and sulfide concentrations significantly (p < 0.001) influenced SOA and MOA, respectively. There was a significant difference in SOA (p < 0.003) and MOA (p < 0.036) in surface sediments between the monsoon and the post-monsoon season. During the monsoon season, when the system is a sink of terrestrial/anthropogenic material, the interrelationship of SOB with MOA (r = 0.617, p < 0.001) and SOB with SOA (r = 0.489, p < 0.05) aids in maintaining the homeostasis of the system.