Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19): A Review on Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanism, Therapeutic Evidence and Preventive Measures

Abstract

Currently, the deadly disease COVID-19 was exponentially spread across the world as a pandemic outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, termed as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). In this view, the imminent danger of a pandemic situation surge the researchers and physicians to understand the molecular mechanism and pathology of this novel virus, in order to discover promising therapeutic drugs and vaccines to cure the diseases. At present, World Health Organization (WHO) updates on 27th June, 2020 for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak situation with confirmed cases of 9,653,048 and 491,128 deaths in 211 countries, areas or territories. To control the global outbreak, robust measures have been implemented across the world to minimize COVID-19 disease spread, in specific restricting international and domestic flights, enforcing lockdowns in susceptible areas, social distancing, etc. Although, a very few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs was tested in clinical trials against COVID-19 virus, which resulted in patient recovery. Based on existing published data, this review extensively highlights the COVID-19 epidemiology, clinical manifestations, prognosis, treatment and prevention. In order to offer a detailed overview to public health officials and future readers all over the world, we explain the latest interpretation of COVID-19 and presented the current state of implementation of the medical intervention in this review. This review is hoped to help the public understand and combat with SARS-CoV-2, as well as provide a guideline for future research.