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    Sea-Level Rise

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    Date
    2020
    Author
    Swapna, P.
    Ravichandran, M.
    Nidheesh, G.
    Jyoti, J.
    Sandeep, N.
    Deepa, J.S.
    Unnikrishnan, A.S.
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    Abstract
    Key Messages: There is high confidence that the rate of global mean sea level (GMSL) rise has increased. Human-caused climate change has made a substantial contribution to the rise since 1900. The GMSL has risen by 1.7 (1.5 to 1.9) mm year-1 since 1901 and the rate of rise has accelerated to 3.3 mm year-1 since 1993. Sea-level rise in the Indian Ocean is non-uniform and the rate of north Indian Ocean rise is 1.06-1.75 mm year-1 from 1874 to 2004 and is 3.3 mm year-1 in the recent decades (1993-2015), which is comparable to the current rate of GMSL rise. Indian Ocean sea-level rise is dominated by the ocean thermal expansion, while the addition of water mass from terrestrial ice-melting is the major contributor to the GMSL rise. Interannual to decadal-scale variability in the Indian Ocean sea level is dominated by El Ni�o Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole events. Relative to 1986-2005, GMSL is very likely to rise by ~26 cm by 2050 and ~53 cm by 2100 for a mid-range, mitigation scenario. Steric sea level along the Indian coast is likely to rise by about 20-30 cm at the end of the twenty-first century and the corresponding estimate for global mean steric sea-level rise is 18�5 cm (relative to 1986-2005), under RCP4.5 (for a mid-range emission scenario, excluding ice-melt contributions). Extreme sea-level events are projected to occur frequently over the tropical regions (high confidence) and along the Indian coast (medium confidence) associated with an increase in the mean sea level and climate extremes.
    URI
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4327-2_9
    http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/8522
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