Coastal archaeological heritage in relation to geomorphology of cliffs, west coast of India
Abstract
Coastal cliffs are the most conspicuous geomorphic features that mark the west coast of India. A profile of a coastal cliff shows 8 to 12 meters of massive laterite exposed at the top, and grades into a layer of gravely laterite below. The seaward flanks often expose fresh country rock composed of Precambrian meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanic rocks with basic intrusives at sea level. Several forts of historical importance are located atop sea cliffs of Diu, Goa and Kerala. The rocky coasts are affected by marine erosion, being acute in areas influenced by direct wave attack. Crumbling cliffs, observed at several places, are evidences of marine erosion. Some forts are presently found at vulnerable edges of precipices, a few being in the process of collapsing into the sea, and presently in ruins. Coastal historical assets offer a tremendous potential in terms of heritage tourism. However, appropriate policies devoted to the conservation or restoration of ancient coastal monuments are lacking. As a consequence, the coastal archeological legacy is on a decline. Therefore, an aggressive revamp of existing conservation strategies, or formulation of a fresh national policy on coastal (man-made) heritage is called for.
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