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    Turbidity of the atmospheric and water at the major ports of India

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    Environ_Geochem_8_214.pdf (303.9Kb)
    Date
    2005
    Author
    Suresh, T.
    Desa, E.
    Rodrigues, A.
    Ramdasan, K.
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    Abstract
    The atmospheric and water turbidity observed at nine major ports of India, namely Cochin, Mangalore, Mormugao, Mumbai, Jawaharlal Nehru (JNP), Kandla on the west coast and Tuticorin, Chennai and Visakhapatnam on the east coast, using the parameters derived from the ocean color satellite, Sea WiFS for the six years from 1998 to 2003 have been reported here. Aerosol optical depth (iota) at 865 nm is used to study the atmospheric turbidity and diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd) at 490 nm to examine the water clarity. The atmospheric turbidities are found to be high over the ports of Mumbai, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Cochin (iota is greater than 0.18) while the lowest was observed at Kandla (0.136). Water clarity was found to be the lowest at Mumbai and JNP (Kd is greater than 0.3), while it was much better at Visakhapatnam and Chennai (Kd less than 0.13). The inter-annual variations of the atmospheric and water turbidity at the major ports have been looked into and have not found any significant variations. Atmospheric turbidity at Kandla was found to be increasing at 2.7% per year (geometric mean) while at other ports where increases were noticed included Mangalore, Mormugao and Visakhapatnam. (approx. 2%). Water turbidity at Cochin was found to be increasing at a pace of 6.2% per year, and similar trends have been observed at Chennai. The water clarity at the Visakhapatnam was found to improve noticeably over the years and similar trends were observed at Tuticorin. The seasonal variations of aerosol concentrations were observed at all ports, with relatively higher values being noticed during summer than winter. Water turbidity was found to be relatively lower for the ports on the east coast than those situated on the west coast of India
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    http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/894
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