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dc.contributor.authorGangiredla, S.
dc.contributor.authorVialard, J.
dc.contributor.authorLiu, F.
dc.contributor.authorVoldoire, A.
dc.contributor.authorIzumo, T.
dc.contributor.authorGuilyardi, E.
dc.contributor.authorLengaigne, M.
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-03
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-10T11:45:58Z
dc.date.available2024-04-07
dc.date.available2024-10-10T11:45:58Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.identifier.citationScientific Reports, vol.14(1); 2024; Article no: 8122
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.otherhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-58803-3
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58803-3
dc.identifier.urihttp://drs.nio.res.in/drs/handle/2264/9264
dc.descriptionIF2022= 4.6
dc.description.abstractExtreme El Nino events have outsized impacts and strongly contribute to the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warm/cold phase asymmetries. There is currently no consensus on the respective importance of oceanic and atmospheric nonlinearities for those asymmetries. Here, we use atmospheric and oceanic general circulation models that reproduce ENSO asymmetries well to quantify the atmospheric nonlinearities contribution. The linear and nonlinear components of the wind stress response to Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies are isolated using ensemble atmospheric experiments, and used to force oceanic experiments. The wind stress-SST nonlinearity is dominated by the deep atmospheric convective response to SST. This wind-stress nonlinearity contributes to?~?40% of the peak amplitude of extreme El Nino events and?~?55% of the prolonged eastern Pacific warming they generate until the following summer. This large contribution arises because nonlinearities consistently drive equatorial westerly anomalies, while the larger linear component is made less efficient by easterly anomalies in the western Pacific during fall and winter. Overall, wind-stress nonlinearities fully account for the eastern Pacific positive ENSO skewness. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of atmospheric nonlinearities in shaping extreme El Nino events and, more generally, ENSO asymmetry.
dc.languageen
dc.publisherNature Publishing Group
dc.relation.isreferencedbySCI
dc.rightsOnly the author version of the copright reserved papers uploaded. Contact drs@nio.org for any complaints regarding copyright violations
dc.titleDominant contribution of atmospheric nonlinearities to ENSO asymmetry and extreme El Nino events
dc.typeJournal Article
dc.affiliation.authorCSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India


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