Distribution and bioaccumulation status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Veraval coastal waters using copepods as bio-indicators

Abstract

The study investigates the pollution characteristics of 16 priority PAHs, accumulated in copepods from a major fishing harbour and its adjacent coastal waters of Veraval, west coast of India. The total PAH accumulation is in the range of 922.16-27,807.49�ng�g?1 dw, with the mean concentration of 5776.59�ng�g?1 dw. High concentrations of PAHs were present in the copepod samples from inside the harbour. Notably, there was no significant correlation between the lipid content of copepods and the accumulation of PAHs. The molecular diagnostic ratio method (MDR) indicates that the PAH sources are petrogenic in origin, while principal component analysis (PCA) points to petroleum, coal combustion and vehicular emission sources. Total cancerous PAHs (C-PAHs) in the study area dominate by 40% of the total PAHs identified; moreover, the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) is very high in the offshore area, which is also a fishing ground. The global relevance and magnitude of the present study in the Veraval, one of the prime seafood exporting hubs in India, should be dealt with utmost avidity as the accumulation status of PAHs in the zooplankton has never been explored in the Indian coastal waters. Moreover, the current study gives the foremost data on the bioaccumulation status of PAHs in copepods from the tropical waters of India.