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    Factors influencing the outbreak of Phaeocystis (Prymnesiophyceae) bloom in the coastal waters off Digha

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    Date
    2025
    Author
    Jagadeesan, L.
    Joseph, I.
    NaveenSagar, G.
    Murukan, K.
    Balakrishnan, S.
    Banik, A.
    Sahoo, G.
    Nihal, P.
    Akshara, C.
    Balachandran, K.K.
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    Abstract
    Phaeocystis blooms are considered harmful algal blooms due to its negative impacts on the ecosystem. This study investigates the responsible factors for outbreak of Phaeocystis bloom in the coastal waters off Digha (Northwestern Bay of Bengal). Phaeocystis bloom was first observed along Talsari Beach over a�?�150 sq.km during early December 2022. The bloom reappeared in the same region during December 2023, suggesting it may be a recurrent feature of the Northeast Monsoon period. Eight samplings were conducted between March 2022 and February 2024 to understand the bloom dynamics along the Digha coast. Phaeocystis colonies are spherical and yellowish-brown colour. Colony abundance varied from 0 to 652 colonies/L. Based on the colony abundance, study period characterized as four distinct bloom phases viz.: initial (early December), peak (mid-December to early January), decline (late January) and late (February). Colony size varied between 1.22 and 14.22�mm and cell abundance ranged from 1.8 to 45�נ104 cells per colony. The present study highlights that, temperature, salinity and nitrate are key factors, collectively explaining 76�% of variance of Phaeocystis bloom in Digha coastal waters. Among these, temperature is crucial and accounts for 69�% of variance in bloom formation. During December, cool-dry northeasterly winds considerably reduced the temperature (<24��C), while the freshwater input modified the coastal environment to polyhaline, nitrate and silicate rich (>5�?M); these likely triggered the Phaeocystis bloom formation. The recurrence of Phaeocystis bloom is significant and underscores the need for further studies to account for their possible impacts.
    URI
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117906
    http://drs.nio.res.in/drs/handle/2264/9441
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