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    Mangrove Community Structure Following Dieback Events in the Maldives: Special Emphasis on the Genus Bruguiera

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    Date
    2025
    Author
    Sreelekshmi, S.
    Jose, D.
    Aneesh, B.
    Ali, A.F.
    Nandan, S.B.
    Mathew, K.A.
    Harikrishnan, M.
    Praved, P. H.
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    Abstract
    Climate change is driving significant transformations in coastal and wetland ecosystems. A large-scale dieback event of Bruguiera cylindrica was observed in the northern islands of Maldives, attributed to extreme climatic conditions, sea level rise, and increasing salinity. This study investigates mangrove species distribution, structural composition, and zonation patterns across seven dieback-affected islands and one non-dieback (control) island, with a particular focus on the genus Bruguiera. A total of nine true mangrove species were identified, with Neykurendhoo and Kulhudhuffushi exhibiting the highest diversity, at six species each, while Keylakunnu recorded the lowest diversity, with three species. The structural analysis revealed significant variation in species dominance, with mangrove density ranging from 244 to 28,000 trees/ha and basal area from 17.8 to 13,361.4�m�/ha. Zonation patterns differed distinctly between basin and pond-based mangroves, influenced primarily by tidal amplitude and frequency. Lumnitzera racemosa was confined to low intertidal zones in pond-based mangroves, while high regeneration or migration towards the mid-intertidal/dieback zones was observed in basin mangroves. A detailed assessment of B. hainesii showed healthy populations on Kelaa Island but declining numbers on Kulhudhuffushi, emphasizing its vulnerability. Molecular analyses using CesA, UNK, and trnS-trnG gene sequences revealed haplotype diversity within the Bruguiera genus, suggesting potential hybridization and evolutionary adaptation in B. hainesii. These findings highlight the urgent need for in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies like mass propagation of B. hainesii, legal protection of mangrove habitats, and the establishment of a nationwide ecological monitoring system, which are crucial for biodiversity, coastal resilience, and climate change mitigation.
    URI
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-025-00844-0
    http://drs.nio.res.in/drs/handle/2264/9450
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