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    Fatty acid and sterol biomarkers as indicators of symbiont activity in chemosynthetic organisms from a methane seep ecosystem (Krishna�Godavari basin, Bay of Bengal)

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    Date
    2025
    Author
    Zatale, A.
    Peketi, A.
    Mazumdar, A.
    Mishra, S.
    Ayusmati, M.
    Ramamurty, P.B.
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    Abstract
    In the present study, an attempt was made to characterize the bacterial symbionts present in the organisms, their carbon sources and assess tissue-specific isotope variability within the organisms in Bathymodiolus, Branchipolynoe seepensis, and Acharax specimens from active cold seep sites of Krishna�Godavari basin, Bay of Bengal. All the soft body tissues of studied organisms are rich in C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids. The presence of diagnostic monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) such as C16:1 (n-5, n-6, n-7, n-8), C18:1n-7, and 4?-methylcholesta-8(14),24-dien-3?-ol in the Bathymodiolus gill tissues indicate the presence of both methanotrophic (Type-I) and thiotrophic symbionts. The bulk carbon isotope ratios of soft tissues (�70.5 to �62.6�) and symbiont-driven MUFAs (?13CFA: �99.1 to �37.8�) in Bathymodiolus indicate that methane is the dominant carbon source for the organisms and symbionts provide most of the nutrition to the Bathymodiolus specimens. The FAs and sterol composition, along with their carbon isotope ratios (?13CFA: �72.1 to �42.7� and ?13Csterol: �63.5�) of Branchipolynoe seepensis, indicate that host Bathymodiolus specimens predominantly supply their nutrition. In Acharax specimens, the presence of MUFAs (C16:1n-7, C18:1n-7, and C18:1n-9) and their isotope ratios (?13CFA: �51.5 to �31.6�) reveal thiotrophic symbionts as a main nutritional source, with pore water dissolved inorganic carbon as the carbon source.
    URI
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-025-02569-3
    http://drs.nio.res.in/drs/handle/2264/9487
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