Exploring land surface temperature (LST) and spectral signatures of Baratang and Diglipur mud volcanoes using ASTER VNIR-SWIR-TIR bands in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Date
2025Author
Komal, R.
Dewangan, P.
Sriram, G.
Dorepalli, P.M.
Gaonkar, U.U.
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Mud volcanoes (MVs) are sedimentary volcanoes formed by the escape of overpressured fluids from deep, unconsolidated sediment layers. Studying these geological features is crucial for understanding the degassing processes of deeply buried sediments. In the present study, we utilized the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) remote sensing data to map the MVs in the Andaman & Nicobar (A&N) Islands and also to analyze the composition of emitted gases of these MVs. ASTER TIR (thermal infrared) bands were used to derive Land Surface Temperature (LST) and map the MVs in the Diglipur and Baratang regions of the A&N Islands. VNIR-SWIR (visible and near infrared – short wave infrared) bands were processed to understand the composition of MVs, along with emissivity images derived from the TIR bands to analyze the emitted gases from these MVs.
We identified two MVs in Diglipur and five MVs in Baratang using LST analysis and studied their unique geomorphological characteristics. The LST for the Diglipur MVs ranged from 302.40 K to 302.70 K, while for the Baratang MVs, it ranged from 300.45 K to 300.90 K. Reflectance image spectra for both areas revealed prominent absorption features in bands 2 and 6 of ASTER, indicating the presence of ferrous iron and Al/Mg-OH bond vibrations in the SWIR domain. These spectra were compared with mineral spectra (Nontronite, Pyrophyllite, Quartz, Corrensite, Illite, Chlorite) from the USGS spectral library, based on previous geochemical analysis in the region. Further, emissivity spectral analysis (from TIR bands) was conducted to understand the emitted gases from these MVs. It was found that the lowest emissivity in band 10 of ASTER is associated with the spectral signatures of methane.
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