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    Responses of zooplankton (copepods) in the Indian mud bank-upwelling region

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    Date
    2025
    Author
    Parthasarathi, S.
    Jyothibabu, R.
    Vidhya, V.
    Jagadeesan, L.
    Arunpandi, N.
    Unnimaya.
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    Abstract
    In 2014 and 2016, the ecology and composition of zooplankton in the Alappuzha mud bank-upwelling area along the southwest (Kerala) coast of India were studied using biweekly sampling from the Pre-Monsoon (PRM) in April to the late Southwest Monsoon (SWM) in September. The zooplankton community was composed of 17 taxa, with copepods accounting for over 70 % of the total abundance. The biomass and abundance increased during both the SWMs of 2014 and 2016, primarily due to an enhancement in phytoplankton caused by nutrient enrichment associated with coastal upwelling. Nonetheless, the 2016 SWM had more suspended sediments and a longer and more severe oxygen deficiency than the 2014 SWM, resulting in lower zooplankton biomass and abundance. Polychaete larvae and gelatinous zooplankton (siphonophores and appendicularians) were also more abundant during the 2016 SWM because of their adaptations to utilise the abundant food while oxygen levels are low. During the PRM, copepods largely consisted of omnivores that effectively used resources in the microbial food web, such as Centropages orsini, C. furcatus, Acartia danae, and A. erythraea. In contrast, the SWM was dominated by copepods such as Temora turbinata, Pseudodiaptomus serricaudatus, and Oithona similis. Due to its ability to survive in low-oxygen settings, O. similis was significantly more prevalent throughout the SWM in both years. Temora turbinata, an indicator species of upwelling, showed higher dominance in the 2016 SWM when oxygen deficiency was more intense and prolonged. Overall, the zooplankton community exhibited the following characteristics: (a) a temporal shift in composition and abundance, (b) dominance of copepods with a preference for the microbial food web during the PRM and hypoxia-adapted ones during the SWM, and (c) a decrease in overall abundance during the 2016 SWM, indicating the negative effects of oxygen deficiency and increased turbidity. Thus, this study establishes a baseline for comparing how zooplankton (copepods) react to different oxygen and turbidity levels in a coastal upwelling mud bank system during alternate SWMs.
    URI
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2025.105576
    http://drs.nio.res.in/drs/handle/2264/9546
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