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    Phytoplankton response to winter cooling in the recent past in the northeastern Arabian Sea: Evidence from sedimentary phytodetritus and satellite data

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    Date
    2025
    Author
    Pandey, M.
    Biswas, H.
    Schmidt, S.
    Sreejith, K. S.
    Mishra, A. K.
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    Abstract
    In the northeastern Arabian Sea, winter convective mixing induces high productivity, which could be sensitive to the ongoing surface ocean warming and related changes in monsoon winds affecting the phytoplankton community. Such trends could help predict their future responses and are imperative to investigate. However, similar studies are usually done using satellite data, though they have limitations in temporal coverage. To complement this, in the present study, a short sediment core corresponding to 150 years from the northeastern Arabian Sea was analyzed to decipher the changes in diatom frustules and dinoflagellate cysts due to winter monsoon winds. Using the satellite data available for the last 40 years, we show that the variability in the northeast monsoon wind (10 m), mixed layer depths, along with sea surface salinity and temperature, impacted the phytoplankton community dynamics. A relatively warmer period during 1978 2000 favoured small-sized diatoms with reduced dinoflagellate cysts (dominated by heterotrophic species). Contrarily, the following two decades (2001 2020) with a relatively cooler winter were dominated by large centric diatoms with thick frustules and autotrophic dinoflagellate cysts. Such changes could be attributed to stronger convective mixing with a subsequent increase in nutrient supply. Possible consequences in the context of a changing climate are discussed
    URI
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-025-02648-5
    http://drs.nio.res.in/drs/handle/2264/9552
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