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    State-wide assessment of mangrove blue carbon stocks in coastal Karnataka, South-west coast of India

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    Date
    2026
    Author
    Ramteke, D.
    Kumar, A.
    Babu, A.
    Shetye, S.S.
    Suresh, H.S.
    Manohar, C.S.
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    Abstract
    Mangrove forests are among the most carbon-rich ecosystems on Earth and play a crucial role in climate change mitigation. However, carbon stock assessments in Indian mangrove forests remain limited and poorly documented. Karnataka, a coastal state on the southwest coast of India, supports approximately 1420 hectares (ha) of mangroves, yet information on their current carbon stocks is lacking. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of carbon stocks in the mangrove forests of Karnataka. Extensive field sampling was conducted to estimate above-ground and below-ground vegetative biomass carbon as well as sediment carbon. To estimate vegetative biomass, two commonly used allometric equations specific to the Asian region were applied: Komiyama et al. (2005) (Eq. 1) and Chave et al. (2005) (Eq. 2). Eq. 2 incorporates tree height and provides more accurate estimates of above-ground biomass (AGB). Currently, Karnataka mangrove forests, hold an estimated 390,500 Mg C (mean of 275.0 180.7 Mg C ha?1 using Eq. 1) and 253,896 Mg C (mean of 178.8 78.4 Mg C ha?1 using Eq. 2) of carbon stocks. Biomass carbon stocks varied significantly among sampling areas (p < 0.01). The mean total carbon stock in Karnataka's mangroves was higher than that of the Arabian/Oman Gulf (217.0 Mg C ha?1) but lower than the global average (386.0 Mg C ha?1). Among Indian states, Karnataka had the highest mean total carbon stock, except for the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Three sites Madila, Talapady (Dakshina Kannada), and Karwar (Uttara Kannada) accounted for 60% of Karnataka's total mangrove carbon stock, mainly due to old, mature structurally developed stands of Avicennia officinalis trees with large basal areas (age >50 years). Natural mangrove forests were found to store more carbon than planted forest patches. Overall, the field analysis highlights Karnataka's mangrove forests as highly effective blue carbon sinks, underscoring their importance as Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) for climate change mitigation and for achieving India's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
    URI
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129797
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479726012570
    http://drs.nio.res.in/drs/handle/2264/9669
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