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dc.contributor.authorSarkar, A.
dc.contributor.authorRay, D.
dc.contributor.authorShrivastava, A.N.
dc.contributor.authorSarkar, S.
dc.date.accessioned2008-02-12T04:59:54Z
dc.date.available2008-02-12T04:59:54Z
dc.date.issued2006
dc.identifier.citationEcotoxicology, Vol.15; 333-340p.
dc.identifier.urihttp://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/853
dc.description.abstractThis paper presents an overview of the significance of the use of molecular biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic tools for marine pollution monitoring. In order to assess the impact of highly persistent pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDF), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), tributyltin (TBT) and other toxic metals on the marine ecosystem a suite of biomarkers are being extensively used worldwide. Among the various types of biomarkers, the following have received special attention: cytochrome P4501A induction, DNA integrity, acetylcholinesterase activity and metallothionein induction. These biomarkers are being used to evaluate exposure of various species of sentinel marine organisms (e.g. mussels, clams, oysters, snails, fishes, etc.) to and the effect of various contaminants (organic xenobiotics and metals) using different molecular approaches. The induction of the biotransformation enzyme, cytochrome P4501A in fishes (Callionymus lyra, Limanda limanda, Serranus sp., Mullus barbatus) and mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) by various xenobiotic contaminants such as PCBs, PAHs, PCDs is used as a biomarker of exposure to such organic pollutants. In order to assess the impact of neurotoxic compounds on marine environment the evaluation of acetylcholinesterase activity in marine organisms is used as a biomarker of exposure to neurotoxic agents such as organophosphorus, carbamate pesticides etc. Metallothioneins (MTs) are induced by toxic metals such as Cd, Hg, and Cu by chelation through cysteine residues and are used in both vertebrates and invertebrates as a biomarker of metal exposure. The measurement of the levels of DNA integrity in marine organisms such as Sea stars (Asterias rubens) from the North Sea and the marine snails (Planaxis sulcatus) from the Arabian Sea along the Goa coast exposed to environmental xenobiotic contaminants clearly indicated the extent and the nature of pollution at the sampling sites along coastal environment.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.rightsCopyright [2006]. It is tried to respect the rights of the copyright holders to the best of the knowledge. If it is brought to our notice by copyright holder that the rights are voilated then the item would be withdrawn.
dc.subjectbiomarkers
dc.subjectmolecular biology
dc.subjectpollution indicators
dc.subjectmarine pollution
dc.subjectpollution monitoring
dc.subjectPCB
dc.subjecttoxicity
dc.subjectecosystems
dc.subjectDNA
dc.subjectpollution effects
dc.subjectmarine molluscs
dc.titleMolecular Biomarkers: Their significance and application in marine pollution monitoring
dc.typeJournal Article


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